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Such a pansy

8/31/2021

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 (Author's note: This piece was written with hopes that conditions would change and that it would seem like an outdated piece of prose.)

Something has weighed heavy on me lately. It is my absolute hatred and loathing of hot and humid weather. It makes time outdoors almost unbearable. Our daily walks are more of a sweat-fest than a time for relaxation in nature.
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I searched the internet for some good news about high humidity to see if I could balance my opinion. It might have been my bias, but it seemed I couldn't find too many advantages for hot and humid weather.
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A post titled "Benefits of high humidity" on www.skymetweather.com claimed that high temperatures and humidity ... "usually bring good news during late afternoons or evenings in the form of rain."
I supposed this could be an advantage. However, my experience is after a slight cooling after the rain, the sun comes out and ignites a sauna-like environment.
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The post also stated, "humidity is one of your skin's best friends. It's an essential for healthy, beautiful skin." This was compared to cold and dry winter weather that can crack and irritate skin.
I tried to find more good points of high humidity, but in my prejudice I could not locate any. I wasn't too interested in uncovering any.
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However, pansies, the plants, have trouble with the heat.
According to a post titled "How long to pansies last" on jackfrostgardens.com, pansies "absolutely do not like excessive heat and humidity. Heat causes pansies to become leggy and stop blooming."

"However with the right conditions, you can try to get your pansies to survive the heat of summer. If you want to try to 'over-summer' your pansies, plant them in a somewhat shady area," the post stated.

While pansies can thrive cooler weather, they can sometimes survive the winter to bloom in the early spring. I had several pansy plants that managed to make it through two or three winters.
Meanwhile, the heat and humidity have helped fuel growth for other plants.

The sunflowers have bloomed and seem to now be past their prime. I had let some morning glories climb the sunflowers.

This extra weight could have helped some of sunflowers to an early demise.
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The humidity helped the peach tree bear fruit. However, photos can be deceiving. What looked like decent sized peaches were actually not much bigger than golf balls.
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Outside of the garden, the goldenrod is blooming.
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Various butterflies and bees have been seen feeding on it.
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Kennedy and Kyle have also been feeding on the yellow blossomed plant.
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The orange flowers of jewel weed provided some additional color the landscape. Some of my relatives reminded me that my grandfather taught us as kids to call them "poppies." We used to gleefully run through the woods finding and "activating" the springy seed pods of jewel weed.
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Also popping up was some purple milkwort.

Wildflower.org identifies milkwort as  "tiny, pink to rose or greenish flowers in a dense, cylindrical, head-like cluster, with floral bracts beneath the flowers that persist on stem when flowers fall.

​Underground root gives off wintergreen odor when crushed."
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A few nodding ladies tresses had started to bloom in the same area as the milkwort.
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Mushrooms and other fungus seemed to have thrived amid the hot and humid weather.
Most notably, I have observed a lot of coral fungi. There are several places where the fungi seemed to be everywhere.
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"Coral fungi are recognized by their curious branching and their clustered appearance, as shown at the right. Usually they grow in the woods and frequently are found on decaying logs. Some are brightly colored," said a post on www.backyardnature.net.

There are many types of coral fungus. I found it difficult to nail down identities.

However a post on  wpamushroomclub.org titled "Coral fungi of Western PA" which was posted by Richard Jacob  did provide some insightful information in the form of a presentation.
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I have spotted numerous mushrooms during the recent run of wet weather.
While the fungi and some plants seem to enjoy the heat and humidity, I can't say that I will really ever look forward to it.
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That's just the nature of things 'round here.
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The Winged Warlords of the Wind: Part 2

8/26/2021

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Amid all the fighting, there was a few moments for some striking photos. One of my favorites this hummingbird season has to be one of a juvenile hummingbird feeding on a dahlia.
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I love when I can capture the feisty fliers on flowers instead of the feeder. It's a little harder to catch them on posies than at the feeder. They have more choices and their speedy nature makes it difficult to get things in focus.
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In past observances over the years, there are times when the feeders are popular and times when the flowers are more sought after.
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I pondered why this would be. I could understand that the hummers would seek nectar at feeders in times of drought. However, I questioned as to why would they choose flowers over free food at a feeder.
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The answer may be in what is dubbed "nectar flow." This subject came up when talking to a coworker who is raising honeybees. While most of the articles on nectar flow were from bee experts, I couldn't help but think the same would be true for hummingbirds and butterflies.
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An article from The Savannah Bee Company titled, "What Makes the Honey Flow!" offered up some great insight on nectar flow.
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"Nectar has a high water content, so annual rainfall plays an important role in nectar flow. During drought years, nectar flow can be weak or limited by the plants lack of water. But, too much rain during the flowering season can dilute the dissolved sugar content of the nectar. Heavy rain can also wash the nectar reservoir right out of the flower!," the post stated.
The website went on to say that wind is another variable in nectar production.
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"High winds that are sustained for long periods of time can actually dry nectar pools inside the flowers. ...Wind can quickly dry up soil moisture and will increase plant transpiration and evaporation rates. Although this type of water loss may be small, it could reduce nectar production as the water moves more rapidly through the plant instead of being allocated to nectar production," the post continued.
Nectar, while it is important to honeybees, is also very essential for hummingbirds.
"Hummingbirds routinely ingest more than their own weight in nectar each day..," penned author Noah Strycker in his book "The Thing With Feathers".
With all the fighting and flitting there's no doubt the that the winged warriors need a lot of food.
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They especially need it during migration.
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"The ruby-throated hummingbird routinely fly more than five hundred miles nonstop across the Gulf of Mexico during it spring and fall migrations taking about 20 hours to do so,"  Strycker wrote.
A post on hummingbird facts on The Cornell Lab's All About Birds website stated that ruby-throated hummingbird beats its wings about 53 times a second.
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This undoubtedly burns a lot of nectar.
The post identified the hummingbird as "eastern North America’s sole breeding hummingbird" and stated that folks should "Enjoy them while they’re around; by early fall they’re bound for Central America, with many crossing the Gulf of Mexico in a single flight."
Locally, birder Gary Edwards in his book "Birds of Venango County" said the ruby-throated hummers arrive in mid April an departs by early October.
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He wrote that some times there is some confusion in identifying female hummers and juveniles as they don't have the red throat yet.
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Edwards also penned that hummingbirds observed after Oct. 9 deserve a second look as some western hummingbirds make a visit to Pennsylvania in the late fall.
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"On Sept. 23, 2005, Nancy Baker photographed and identified the county's only rufous hummingbird record at her feeder in Oakland Township," Edwards reported in his book.
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As the buzz around the feeder has died down some, it is nice to know that I still may have about a month to stalk these beautiful and busy creatures.
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I wish them well on their migration journey and hope to see them again next year.
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Some of the photos will be lovely flowery photos. Others may be down right cage matches. 
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That's just the nature of things 'round here.
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Read part one by following this link.
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The Winged Warlords of the Wind: Part 1

8/16/2021

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It was supposed to be an artsy type photo of two hummingbirds framed by a chain-link fence as they sat side by side.
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Within in a split second, the scene soon devolved into a cage match with lots of squabbling.
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I have witnessed fighting at the feeders, fighting over the flowers and fighting in the forest. I asked myself, "Why are hummingbirds so aggressive?".
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A short blurb posted April 1, 2009, on The Cornell Lab's All About Birds website provided an answer to "Why to hummingbirds fight so much?".
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"Hummingbirds are aggressive for a good reason — they can’t afford to share flowers during times when not many blossoms are available because they may have to wander a long way after nectar is depleted. This aggression is so deeply ingrained that they just can’t figure out that feeders are different", the post said.
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The website www.hummingbird-guide.com in an article titled "Hummingbirds Fighting, War and peace in the flower garden", said "male hummingbirds are very aggressive when claiming a new territory."
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The article went on to say that the male "claims a territory and breeds with several females."
"These same females then gain full use of the territory to nest and raise the brood. The males chase off all other males," the post continued.
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The article continued by saying, "These territorial fights can go on for hours. If this is the case a great deal of energy is expended. One hummingbird usually surrenders. Sadly, much less commonly, there are cases when damage is unrepairable."
Author Noah Strycker wrote in his book "The Thing With Feathers", that the Aztecs named a hummingbird as their god of war and that when Aztec warriors died they believed they would return to earth as hummingbirds.
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He also detailed a Costa Rican resort owner's battle with feeder bullies. She eventually gave up as two male hummingbirds chased away every other hummingbirds.
Strycker wrote that hummingbirds don't have "the  weaponry to inflict serious damage on each other. Their beaks are softer and more sensitive than they appear."
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"Their beaks are surprisingly bendy ... Their jaw can flex even though it is made of solid bone," he penned.
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Nonetheless, the post on hummingbird-guide.com, said " ... that hummingbirds don't always fight strictly with their bodies. A gentler tactic they use is sound. When an intruder approaches, the bird increases the speed and intensity of the song."
The hummers seem to use both verbal and physical aggression.
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I swear I have heard them sword fighting with their beaks.
I had two feeders out, but it didn't matter. The aerial skirmishes continued.
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Last year there were as high as ten hummingbirds vying for a position at the feeders.
This year, my husband stated he saw at least a dozen combative flyers around the garden.
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However the post on hummingbird-guide.com, stated they're may be hope for some peace at the feeder.
The post said, "... Some hummingbird species are less territorial and share feeders peacefully. The ruby-throated hummingbird is known to be the most territorial. We find that even our ruby-throated hummingbirds will share feeders in the late summer before the fall migration."
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"This change in behavior is caused by the addition of young ruby-throated hummingbirds that will share feeders. There is no reason for them to fight over territory because they won’t mate until the following spring," the post continued.
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Will there ever be peace at the feeder? That question can only be answered by a bunch of bossy and outspoken hummingbirds. 
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That's the nature of things 'round here.
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Let it grow: Part Two - Critters

8/5/2021

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Plants and flowers aren't the only thing growing. A little rabbit has been hopping around the yard lately.

​Unfortunately, I discovered that the bitty bunny can fit through the fence around the vegetable garden.
It has taken a liking to the string bean plants and has trimmed some of them down.

A cucumber I picked was already sampled.

Although I am a little distressed over the garden damage, the bunny makes me laugh when its little white cotton-ball tail bounces across the yard.

​I attempted a photo, but it was just a blur of white and ears.
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Along with the bunny, the neighborhood fawns have been out and about.
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A few weeks ago, I felt like I was seeing double.
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​At work, a doe with two fawns was spotted browsing some vegetation by the parking lot.

Then I saw more twins on the way home that day.
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A doe with two fawns appeared along Bredinsburg Road and only a little further up the road there was yet another doe with two fawns browsing in a field.
Closer to home, trail cameras revealed that the neighborhood is home to one doe with twin fawns. 

A doe with a single fawn has also been captured by the cameras.

​A lot of the the fawn pictures were blurry as the little ones often move around their mothers to explore.
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Also on the trail cam, the neighborhood bucks' horns continue their upward growth.
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Meanwhile at the neighbor's pond, the number of frogs seems to have grown exponentially. There are so many tiny little frogs. They are only about the size of the tip of one's finger.
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They seem to be everywhere and I diligently try not to step on them.
They sometimes cluster in groups. I tried to figure out just how many frogs are in a photo, but their camouflage makes it tough to determine. 
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Back at the house, a grey tree frog stuck around for a little bit on the sliding glass door.
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​In the yard, I had an immature chestnut-sided warbler visit. It is listed as a summer resident of Venango County.

A post on The CornellLab's allaboutbirds.org said "These slender, yellow-capped and chestnut-flanked songsters thrive in young, regrowing forests, thickets, and other disturbed areas . ... In fall, this bird molts into lime-green and grayish white plumage with a distinctive white eyering, and heads to thickets, shade-coffee plantations, and second growth forest in Central America."

It also said that "individual warblers return to the same areas year after year, joining back up with the same foraging flock it associated with the year before."
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This could explain why I had seen one in the yard almost exactly a year ago.
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Another visitor to the yard was a monarch butterfly. While I don't believe it was my first sighting this season, it was the first chance I had to snap a photo of one. I hope their numbers will continue to grow.
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Meanwhile, it seems like it has been a good year for Appalachian brown butterflies. I have seen more of them this year than in past years.
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I was also to get a photograph of my first sighting of a red-spotted purple this year. Of course it was posing on a piece of No. 2 left by the dogs. On a butterfly site on user lamented that their dog was better at attracting butterflies than they were. I totally agreed with the statement.
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A battered Luna moth also didn't pick a very picturesque perch. It was photographed on the back of a chair on the porch. It was beautiful nonetheless, even thought it was lacking the tails on its hind wings. Again, like imperial moths, the adult Luna moths don't eat. However, they have a slightly longer lifespan at one week.
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The tame critters continue to grow as well. Sherman, unfortunately, is growing older. He's over 8 years old now. He was never a fast dog to begin with, but age has slowed him down over the years. However, it is sometimes hard to figure out if his lagging behind is do to Saint Bernard stubbornness or the onset of doggy dementia.
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Sadie's frog hunting efforts have grown intensely. Fortunately, her persistence has not paid off.
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Clem just continues to grow more energetic. His nose has gotten him into trouble a lot lately.
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Lit' Bit isn't quite so little anymore and has grown very comfortable in his surroundings.
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Kennedy continues to grow out and around. I hope that Kyle would experience inward growth, but he continues to grow more ornery with each passing year.
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That's just the nature of things 'round here.
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Let it grow: Part 1- Plants

8/1/2021

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As summer progresses my flower beds are a little bit out of control.
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The catnip plants have gone as wild as they make the cats. They self-seed and easily take over the garden. I was going trim most of them back, when I realized that the flowers were being visited by hummingbirds and bees. Goldfinches were also feeding on the catnip. I guess I will let them grow.
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Outside of the garden, I had graciously let some pokeweed grow and am now regretting that. While it is a native plant, it is one that will quickly take over. I tried to limit it to one plant in the yard. However, it quickly got away from me. 
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Also overtaking part of the yard is some common burdock with an emphasis on "bur". I really dislike this plant for its burs in the fall. Of course, the dogs and cats always find the burs despite being told to leave the area where the plants are. The burs are terrible. They fall apart when one tries to pick them or brush them out. However, I spotted a swallowtail and some bees visiting the flowers or potential burs. So I will let them grow, at least until the flowers die. Although, they are truly an invasive plant.
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Around the area where the burdock grows, appeared a light purple flower that I hadn't seen before. After a post on a Facebook group it was identified as a mallow plant. There are many different types of mallow and I just didn't have the patience to try to narrow down the right one for that plant. Nonetheless, it's pretty and it is not hurting anything.  I'll let it grow and mow around it.
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The same Facebook group also helped me narrow down the ID on some sedge I had been seeing. Posts of some mace sedge on the page looked like some of the plants I had seen at the neighbor's pond. However on closer inspection, it wasn't the same plant.
Again folks on the page pointed me to the right direction to what is called sallow sedge.
According to a post on gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org, the sedge is "an abundant and sometimes weedy species."
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The site listed that its habitat included Anthropogenic or man-made or disturbed habitats, marshes, meadows and fields, shores of rivers or lakes and swamps.
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Meanwhile back on the Pennsylvania Native Plant Society Facebook page, members pointed to this being a good year for ghost pipes (Monotropa uniflora L.) or Indianpipe.
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An article by Chantelle DeLay on the U.S. Forest Service's website www.fs.fed.us, described the plant's appearance.

"These perennial plants are generally four to eight inches tall, with small scale-like leaves, and white five parted flowers. Plants only have one flower per stem, and flowering occurs roughly from June through September.
Stems can be found alone, but are commonly found in small clusters," DeLay posted.

DeLay went on to write that the plants do not have the green pigment chlorophyll and how the ghost pipe survives without it.

"Chlorophyll is responsible for harnessing the sun’s energy to produce carbohydrates, a process known as photosynthesis.

​Ghost pipe saps nutrients and carbohydrates from tree roots through an intermediate source, myccorhizal fungi in the genera Russula and Lactarius," DeLay continued.

A separate post on the Forest Service's site gave a description of how the flower matures.

"Upon emerging from the ground, the flower is pendant (downwardly pointed). As the anthers and stigma mature, the flower is spreading to all most perpendicular to the stem.

The fruit is a capsule. As the capsule matures, the flower becomes erect (in line with the stem). Once ripened, seed is released through slits that open from the tip to the base of the capsule. The plant is persistent after seed dispersal," that post said.

In the past few weeks, I seemed to have observed it popping up all over the forest floor. There appeared to be more this year than in the past.
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In addition to the pipes, mushrooms of all shapes and sizes have been sighted.
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The forest floor is also home to a small patch of downy rattlesnake plantain which has been painfully slow to bloom.
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Meanwhile back in the garden, color has emerged everywhere. From morning glories to coneflowers, the hues are beautiful. The stray sunflowers that the chipmunks planted various places add to the colorful chaos of the garden. One sunflower is currently rooted in a hanging basket. I'm gonna let it grow and see what happens. 
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That's just the nature of things 'round here.
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    Author

    "The Nature of Things" features the writings and photographs of Anna Applegate, who is a lifelong resident of Pinegrove Township, Venango County. She is a graduate of Cranberry High School and Clarion University. After a 15-year career in the local news industry, she made a change and now works at a steel finishing plant in Sandycreek Township. She is a avid lover of animals and nature, and a gifted photographer.

    ​Very happy to be able to share Anna's great "The Nature of Things" blog.

    Check out Anna's other artwork here!
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